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:: Volume 22, Issue 1 (زمستان 1398) ::
Koomesh 1398, 22(1): 138-144 Back to browse issues page
Effectiveness of the Westmead therapeutic method on preschool children with stuttering
Zahra Ilkhani , Bijan Shafiei , Narges Jafari , Shakiba Hadian Dehkordi
Abstract:   (4662 Views)
Introduction: It has been well established that early intervention programs for preschool children are both effective for decreasing the potential problems in adulthood and also for preventing from chronic stuttering. Syllable-time speech therapeutic method is considered as an effective method in these children. The present study investigated the effectiveness of the Westmead therapeutic method on preschool children with stuttering. Materials and Methods: Six children who had stuttering with an age range of 3 to 6 years old, participated in this study. The measurement indicator of stuttering severity was percentage syllables stuttered (%SS).  Initially, during stage 1, a parents and their children were trained to implement treatment approach. The treatment was carried out by mothers at home for around 4 to 6 times during a day. Treatment was implemented using a syllable by syllable method on a habitual speech rate, which lasted at least 10 weeks. Results: Outcome were analyzed using the visual analysis method.  Thirty-three of participants were able to reach second phase in the first level of treatment. Five children achieved an average percent of syllables stuttering below 50%, after approximately 10 therapeutic sessions. Remarkably, samples provided by mothers at home, proved these clinical reduction results. Conclusion: As this study indicated, even first phase of syllabic speech therapeutic approach can be considered as an effective method to reduce stuttering events in preschool children.  
Keywords: Child, Preschool, Speech Therapy, Stuttering, Early Intervention
Full-Text [PDF 731 kb]   (4641 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2018/05/17 | Accepted: 2019/06/15 | Published: 2020/01/4
References
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29. [1] Alm PA. Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations. J Commun Disord 2004; 37: 325-369. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.03.001] [PMID]
30. [2] Craig A, Hancock K, Tran Y, Craig M, Peters K. Epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2002; 45: 1097-1105. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2002/088)]
31. [3] Ingham JC. Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: I. Definition and application. J Fluency Disord 2003; 28: 197-207. [DOI:10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00038-X]
32. [4] Bloodstein O. Some empirical observations about early stuttering: A possible link to language development. J Commun Disord 2006; 39: 185-191. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.11.007] [PMID]
33. [5] Lu C, Peng D, Chen C, Ning N, Ding G, Li K, et al. Altered effective connectivity and anomalous anatomy in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit of stuttering speakers. Cortex 2010; 46: 49-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.017] [PMID]
34. [6] Toyomura A, Fujii T, Kuriki S. Effect of external auditory pacing on the neural activity of stuttering speakers. Neuroimage 2011; 57: 1507-1516. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.039] [PMID]
35. [7] Fransella F. The "rhythm effect" in stuttering as a function of predictability of utterance. Behav Res Ther 1971; 9: 265-271. [DOI:10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X]
36. [8] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S, Menzies R. Using syllable-timed speech to treat preschool children who stutter: A multiple baseline experiment. J Fluency Disord 2009; 34: 1-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.01.001] [PMID]
37. [9] Yairi E, Ambrose NG. Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1999; 42: 1097-1112. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4205.1097] [PMID]
38. [10] Rezai H, Mohseni MT, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Sadollahi A, Ghorbani R. Role of metacognitive beliefs in prediction of anxiety level and stuttering severity in people with stuttering. Koomesh 2014; 16: 14-22.
39. [11] Packman A, Onslow M, van Doorn J. Prolonged speech and modification of stuttering: Perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic data. J Speech Hear Res 1994; 37: 724-737. [DOI:10.1044/jshr.3704.724] [PMID]
40. [12] Jakšić SJ, Onslow M. The science and practice of stuttering treatment: A symposium: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012: 32: 256-276. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]
41. [13] Jaksic SJ, Onslow M. The Science and Practice of Stuttering Treatment: A Symposium: John Wiley & Sons; 2012: 35: 230-247. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]
42. [14] Van Riper C. The treatment of stuttering: Oxford. Prentice Hall; 1973: 56: 136-167.
43. [15] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A. Treating stuttering in a preschool child with syllable timed speech: A case report. Behav Change 2006; 23: 270-277. [DOI:10.1375/bech.23.4.270]
44. [16] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R. A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2011; 13: 500-509. [DOI:10.3109/17549507.2011.578660] [PMID]
45. [17] Andrews C, O'Brian S, Harrison E, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter: A phase I trial. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43: 359-369. [DOI:10.1044/0161-1461(2012/11-0038)]
46. [18] Andrews C. Syllable timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter 2014; 14: 211-218.
47. [19] de Sonneville-Koedoot C, Stolk E, Rietveld T, Franken M-C. Direct versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trial. PloS One 2015; 10: e0133758. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133758] [PMID] [PMCID]
48. [20] Lowe R, O'brian S, Onslow M. Review of telehealth stuttering management. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2013; 65: 223-238. [DOI:10.1159/000357708] [PMID]
49. [21] Kully D. Telehealth in speech pathology: Applications to the treatment of stuttering. J Telemed Telecare 2000; 6: 39-41. [DOI:10.1258/1357633001935509] [PMID]
50. [22] Stuttering Counter (Mobile application software) Retrieved from https://cafebazaar.ir/developer/824308112923/?l=en; 2016.
51. [23] Kingston M, Huber A, Onslow M, Jones M, Packman A. Predicting treatment time with the Lidcombe Program: Replication and meta-analysis. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2003; 38: 165-177. [DOI:10.1080/1368282031000062882] [PMID]
52. [24] Karimi H, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Jones M, Menzies R, Packman A. Unscheduled telephone calls to measure percent syllables stuttered during clinical trials. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2013; 56: 1455-1461. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0264)]
53. [25] Kratochwill TR, Hitchcock J, Horner R, Levin JR, Odom S, Rindskopf D, et al. Single-case designs technical documentation. What works Clearinghouse 2010; 34: 1-23.
54. [26] Andrews G, Craig A. Stuttering: Overt and covert measurement of the speech of treated subjects. J Speech Hear Disord 1982; 47: 96-99. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.4701.96] [PMID]
55. [27] Hoff E. How social contexts support and shape language development. Dev Rev 2006; 26: 55-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2005.11.002]
56. [28] Nelson L, Gregory H. Language formulation related to disfluency and stuttering. Stuttering therapy: Prevention and intervention with children 1986; 12: 19-38.
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Ilkhani Z, Shafiei B, Jafari N, Hadian Dehkordi S. Effectiveness of the Westmead therapeutic method on preschool children with stuttering. Koomesh 1398; 22 (1) :138-144
URL: http://koomeshjournal.semums.ac.ir/article-1-4823-en.html


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