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Overview of Diabetes Control Medicines
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Majid Ramezani   |
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Abstract: (183 Views) |
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important non-communicable diseases of the present era, and the impact of this disease and its chronic complications on the health of patients imposes physical, mental and material costs on people and healthcare systems. The rapid rate of new cases doubles the need for new drugs to simultaneously control the disease and associated complications. Although old drugs have important effects on the control and treatment of diabetes, the side effects and limitations of these drugs are an obstacle to prescribing them in some patients. In recent decades, clinical trials have been conducted on several categories of drugs and the effects of these drugs on the simultaneous control of blood sugar and cardiovascular and renal complications have resulted in promising results. In summary, these drugs are:
- GLP-1 agonists: GLP-1 hormone is naturally secreted from the end of the small intestine in response to eating and increases the secretion and strengthens the effect of insulin in the body. Using drugs with this characteristic or stimulating its secretion, in addition to controlling blood sugar, has positive effects on the cardiovascular and renal systems, and on the other hand, with central and peripheral effects, it reduces appetite and helps to improve weight.
- DPP-4 inhibitors: DPP-4 enzyme is naturally secreted in the body and destroys incretins. Inhibition of this enzyme increases the half-life of incretins in the body and strengthens their effect.
- Inhibitors of SGLT-2 channel in the kidneys: the above channel exists in the proximal tubule of the kidneys and causes the simultaneous reabsorption of glucose and sodium into the bloodstream. Drug inhibition of this channel causes the simultaneous excretion of glucose and sodium through urine and helps to reduce blood sugar and blood pressure simultaneously. The beneficial effects of these drugs in preventing kidney dysfunction in diabetic patients and improving heart function have made these drugs to be in the first line of treatment in the new clinical guidelines.
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| Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, New drugs |
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Full-Text [PDF 252 kb]
(26 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/03/4 | Accepted: 2023/08/10 | Published: 2023/08/10
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