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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: from mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities
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Bahareh Hakiminia   , Babak Alikiaii , Fariborz Khorvash , Sarah Mousavi |
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Abstract: (268 Views) |
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways.
Search Method: In this review article, all available studies regarding molecular pathways of TBI and potential therapies against these pathways were considered. Materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation.
Results: Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radicals formation and cell apoptosis. Results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects in TBI, are promising.
Conclusion: As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multi-potential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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| Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Oxidative stress, Mitochondrion, Antioxidant, Therapies |
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Full-Text [PDF 257 kb]
(66 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/02/19 | Accepted: 2023/08/1 | Published: 2023/08/1
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