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Investigating the effect of tonic and phasic stimulation of ventral tegmental area on functional connectivity during working memory task in kindled mice
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Mahmoud Rezaei   , Amir Shojaei , Yaghoub Fathollahi , Mohammad Reza Raoufy , Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh |
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Abstract: (213 Views) |
Introduction: Deep electrical brain stimulation (DBS) is a new therapeutic method to control seizures. DBS may exert its anticonvulsant effects by altering the function of neuronal modulators such as dopamine. Following a seizure, the tonic and phasic release of dopamine is disrupted, which in turn can affect the brain regions that innervates with dopaminergic neurons. It also disrupts brain oscillations and causes changes in the functional connectivity of different regions. In this study, the effect of deep electrical brain stimulation of ventral tegmentum area (VTA) neurons with tonic or phasic patterns on functional connectivity during working memory task was investigated.
Methods and Materials: with stereotaxic surgery, in male C57BL/6 mice (22-20 g), a unipolar electrode for recording in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and a tripolar electrode for stimulation and recording were implanted in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Animals were kindled by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (35 mg/kg/48h). In a group of kindled animals, tonic or phasic stimuli were applied 4 times in two days. In order to investigate the role of dopamine receptors, haloperidol, as an antagonist of D2-like receptors, was injected intracerebroventricularly (2 μM/μl) before tonic stimulation. In all groups, the functional connectivity between different regions during the Y-maze task assessed.
Results: Disturbances in the functional connectivity between different regions in kindled animals were reduced by tonic stimulation. Haloperidol injection before tonic stimulation prevented these ameliorative effects.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that tonic stimulation exerts at least part of its effects through the activation of D2-like dopamine receptors.
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| Keywords: tonic, phasic, ventral tegmental area, working memory, functional connectivity |
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Full-Text [PDF 343 kb]
(24 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/02/7 | Accepted: 2023/08/23 | Published: 2023/08/23
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