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The effect of linalool on the neurological scores, brain edema and blood brain barrier after traumatic brain injury in male rat: the role of interleukins IL-1B, IL-10
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Kimia Ramezani   , Anahita Mohsenpour , Ali Siahposht-Khachaki , Behzad Khezri |
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Abstract: (227 Views) |
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most complex diseases known in the most complex organs of the body (central nervous system). TBI is a very complex disorder that includes different degrees of brain contusion, diffuse axonal damage, hemorrhage, and hypoxia. Linalool (LIN) is a major volatile monoterpene component of essential oils in several aromatic plants (anise, pepper and fennel). It is used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic and medical industries. Linalool has several biological activities, including anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The analgesic effects of linalool have been reported in different models of induced pain using acetic acid and carrageenan. Therefore, in this research plan, we investigated the role of linalool in neuron protection in the process of diffuse concussion in rats, as well as its effect on the level of interleukins and histological changes.
Methods and Materials: After induction of anesthesia and cannulation in the trachea, 56 Wistar rats underwent diffuse controlled brain injury by Marmarou method, and 30 minutes later, the drug was injected intraperitoneally with different. In the pre-traumatic times, immediately after recovery from trauma induction, 24, 48 and 72 hours after trauma, Veterinary Coma Scale and Beam Walk and Beam Balance movement and balance tests were taken and recorded from rats. After 72 hours, CSF was collected from Cisterna Magna and used for ELISA test to evaluate the level of interleukins. Rats were killed under deep anesthesia and their brains were removed and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin was used. Blood-brain barrier permeability was tested by Evans dye injection after induction of trauma in rats of the respective group.
Results: The findings of this study show that brain injury caused by controlled diffuse trauma causes cerebral edema, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, disturbance in the animal's neurological and balance-motor scores (P<0.0001). It also leads to an increase of interleukin 1 beta and a decrease of interleukin 10 in CSF fluid (P<0.0001). Also, our findings showed that linalool in doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg can reduce these differences compared to the control group (Sham and Intact) (p<0.001). Trauma causes degeneration of neurons with wrinkled and heavily stained nuclei along with perineural edema, vascular congestion, and perivascular edema. Linalool improves these histological changes. It should be noted that linalool was more effective at a dose of 25 mg/kg (P< 0.0001).
Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be seen that linalool has neuron protection effects in the brain and was able to affect the consequences of concussion and reduce cerebral edema, accelerate the improvement of the blood-brain barrier and neurological and balance scores. Also, histological changes have been achieved in the direction of recovery, and linalool is probably the effect of linalool through the reduction of inflammatory interleukins and the increase of anti-inflammatory interleukins. Histological changes have been achieved in order to improve brain function.
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| Keywords: Linalool, Neuroprotective, Brain trauma, Brain edema, Blood-brain barrier, Interleukins |
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Full-Text [PDF 276 kb]
(34 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/02/2 | Accepted: 2023/08/23 | Published: 2023/08/23
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