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New pharmacogenetic drugs based on immunogenic methods
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Mahsa Zamani   , Touraj Naderi |
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Abstract: (237 Views) |
Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common high-grade primary malignant brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. The development of effective therapies for GBM has been slowed by the complex nature of this tumor which involves multiple gene mutations, gene fusions, amplification and modifications; phenotypically constant changing during tumor progression, and the genetic background heterogeneity, as well as the involvement of multiple signaling pathways, which are co-existing and cross-talking in GBM; suppression of one pathway might be insufficient to inhibit the activation of other pathways. The existence of GSCs which demonstrate the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and initiation of secondary tumors, is a major cause of resistance of targeted tumor therapy.
Search Method: The articles were the result of a PubMed search by using the phrases “Glioblastoma” and “pharmacogenetic” and “Gene therapy”.
Results: Therapeutic cancer vaccination is an antigen-specific immunotherapy that primes the immune system to produce antigen-specific antibodies, CD4+T helper cells and CD8+cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against relevant tumor-associated antigens. Recent favorable results of newer trials of therapeutic vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors have proven against the common belief that GBM is nonimmunogenic. In particular, the checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway have shown durable clinical responses with manageable toxicity. Pharmacogenetic methods based on specific immunogenic treatment of glioblastoma are being studied and researched One of them Immunogenic therapy uses gene transfer technology to reprogram a patient's own T cells to stably express CARs, thereby combining the specificity of an antibody with the potent cytotoxic and memory functions of a T cell.
Conclusion: Several approaches to increase the feasibility and safety of CAR T cells are currently being explored, including investigation into mechanisms regulating the persistence of CAR T cells. Additionally, numerous early-phase clinical trials are now investigating CAR T-cell therapy in neural tumors.
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| Keywords: Pharmacogenetic, Glioblastoma, Immunogenic, CAR T-cell therapy |
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Full-Text [PDF 336 kb]
(33 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/01/30 | Accepted: 2023/08/1 | Published: 2023/08/1
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