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Evaluation of Dopamine, Serotonin, ROS, and mGSH in short-term type 2 diabetes in the formalin test in rat brain
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Atefeh Alidokht   , Javad Sajedianfard , Saied Nazifi , Ali Mohammad Basatinya |
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Abstract: (219 Views) |
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of central nervous system disorders. Increased sensitivity to pain is one of the consequences of diabetes. Diabetes affects the glial cells of the nervous system. Insulin has important effects such as being neurotrophic and modulating monoamine uptake in the central nervous system. The basis of this study is to investigate the levels of dopamine, serotonin, free radicals, and mitochondrial glutathione in type 2 diabetes in the nuclei of the thalamus, raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray of the brain.
Methods and Materials: 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-270 g) were used. To induce type 2 diabetes, nicotinamide, and streptozotocin were injected intraperitoneally; then insulin and normal saline were injected intraventricularly, and after 15 minutes formalin test was performed. Animals were euthanized with carbon dioxide and brain samples were collected. Then the levels of dopamine, serotonin, free radicals, and mitochondrial glutathione were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: In diabetic rats, the level of mitochondrial dopamine, serotonin, and glutathione in the nuclei of the thalamus, raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray decreased and the concentration of free radicals increased. In the groups that were injected with insulin, the levels of the factors were close to their normal levels. These findings confirm the results of the formalin test on the analgesic effect of insulin in male rats.
Conclusion: Injection of insulin into the left ventricle of the brain reduces the feeling of pain but this effect is due to cell damage in the raphe magnus and periaqueductal nuclei, and thalamus caused by diabetes, was not observed in the brain of diabetic rats. Also, insulin improves the pathological effects of diabetes.
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| Keywords: formalin test, insulin, pain, type 2 diabetes |
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Full-Text [PDF 261 kb]
(35 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/01/19 | Accepted: 2023/08/23 | Published: 2023/08/23
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