1. [1] Toth P. Subclinical atherosclerosis: what it means and what we can do about it. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62: 1246-1254. [DOI:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01804.x] [PMID] [PMCID]

2. [2] Duan L, Xiong X, Hu J, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Panax notoginseng saponins for treating coronary artery disease: a functional and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8: 702-711. [DOI:10.3389/fphar.2017.00702] [PMID] [PMCID]

3. [3] Cheraghi M, Asadi-Samani M. Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and promising herbal remedies in traditional Persian medicine. Der Pharmacia Lett 2016; 8: 58-66. (Persian)

4. [4] Badimon L, Vilahur G. Thrombosis formation on atherosclerotic lesions and plaque rupture. J Int Med 2014; 276: 618-632. [DOI:10.1111/joim.12296] [PMID]

5. [5] Wilson P, Cannon C, Downey B. Overview of the risk equivalents and established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. UpToDate. Post TW, Editors, UpToDate Waltham; 2015. 2017.

6. [6] Shigematsu K, Watanabe Y, Nakano H, Committee KSR. Influences of hyperlipidemia history on stroke outcome; a retrospective cohort study based on the Kyoto Stroke Registry. BMC Neurol 2015; 15: 44-51. [DOI:10.1186/s12883-015-0297-1] [PMID] [PMCID]

7. [7] Chatterjee M, Gawaz M. Platelets in atherosclerosis. platelets in thrombotic and non-thrombotic disorders: Springer; 2017; p: 993-1013. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_66]

8. [8] Stephen J, Emerson B, Fox KA, Dransfield I. The uncoupling of monocyte-platelet interactions from the induction of proinflammatory signaling in monocytes. J Immunology 2013; 191: 5677-5683. [DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1301250] [PMID]

9. [9] Kral JB, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Platelet interaction with innate immune cells. ransfus Med Hemother 2016; 43: 78-88. [DOI:10.1159/000444807] [PMID] [PMCID]

10. [10] von Hundelshausen P, Weber C. Platelets as immune cells: bridging inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2007; 100: 27-40. [DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000252802.25497.b7] [PMID]

11. [11] Stellos K, Gnerlich S, Kraemer B, Lindemann S, Gawaz M. Platelet interaction with progenitor cells: vascular regeneration or injury? Pharmacol Rep 2008; 60: 101.

12. [12] Freedman JE, Loscalzo J. Platelet-monocyte aggregates: bridging thrombosis and inflammation. Circulation 2002; 105: 2130-2132. [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000017140.26466.F5] [PMID]

13. [13] Wu C, Chen R, Liu M, Liu D, Li X, Wang S, et al. Spiromastixones inhibit foam cell formation via regulation of cholesterol efflux and uptake in RAW264. 7 macrophages. Mar Drugs 2015; 13: 6352-6365. [DOI:10.3390/md13106352] [PMID] [PMCID]

14. [14] Ramkumar S, Raghunath A, Raghunath S. Statin therapy: review of safety and potential side effects. Acta Cardiol Sin 2016; 32: 631.

15. [15] Yasini M, Hamidpour M, Ayatolahi A, shahmehr M, Kehanpour N. Synergic effects of summer savory extract and aspirin on human platelets function. Koomesh 2019; 21. (Persian).

16. [16] Hedaryan AH, Hamidpour M, Ayatolahi AM, Allah bakhshian Farsiani M. The synergic effect of artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) extract and Aspirin (ASA) on platelet function. J Med Plants 2019; 2: 1-10. [DOI:10.29252/jmp.2.70.87]

17. [17] Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Hamidpour M, Shahlari M, Sohraby M. Summer savory: from the selection of traditional applications to the novel effect in relief, prevention, and treatment of a number of serious Illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer 's disease, and cancer. J Tradit Compl Med 2014; 4: 140-144. [DOI:10.4103/2225-4110.136540] [PMID] [PMCID]

18. [18] Nimgulkar C, Ghosh S, Sankar AB, Uday KP, Surekha M, Madhusudhanachary P, et al. Combination of spices and herbal extract restores macrophage foam cell migration and abrogates the athero-inflammatory signalling cascade of atherogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72: 53-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.014] [PMID]

19. [19] Amin KA, El-Twab TMA. Oxidative markers, nitric oxide and homocysteine alteration in hypercholesterolimic rats: role of atorvastatine and cinnamon. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009; 2: 254.

20. [20] Hesaraki S, Yahyaei B. Histopathological comparison of the effects of Ceylon cinnamon, Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum on experimental cutaneous wound healing process in rats. Koomesh 2016; 17: 752-760. (Persian).

21. [21] M.ahdieh Mehrpouri, Rafie Hamidpour, Mohsen Hamidpour. Cinnamon inhibits platelet function and improves cardiovascular system. J Med Plants 2020; 19: 1-11. [DOI:10.29252/jmp.1.73.1]

22. [22] Rahman S, Begum H, Rahman Z, Ara F, Iqbal MJ, Yousuf AK. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) as a lipid lowering agent on hypercholesterolemic rats. J Enam Med College 2013; 3: 94-98. (Persian). [DOI:10.3329/jemc.v3i2.16132]

23. [23] Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Waeg G, Striegl G, Juergens G. Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 1990; 3: 77-92. [DOI:10.1021/tx00014a001] [PMID]

24. [24] Boncler M, Różalski M, Krajewska U, Podsędek A, Watala C. Comparison of PrestoBlue and MTT assays of cellular viability in the assessment of anti-proliferative effects of plant extracts on human endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69: 9-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.vascn.2013.09.003] [PMID]

25. [25] Mehrpouri M, Bashash D, Mohammadi MH, Gheydari ME, Shahabi Satlsar E, Hamidpour M. Co-culture of platelets with monocytes induced M2 macrophage polarization and formation of foam cells: shedding light on the crucial role of platelets in monocyte differentiation. Turk J Hematol 2019; 36: 97-105. [DOI:10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.0218.0449]

26. [26] Xu S, Huang Y, Xie Y, Lan T, Le K, Chen J, et al. Evaluation of foam cell formation in cultured macrophages: an improved method with Oil Red O staining and DiI-oxLDL uptake. Cytotechnology 2010; 62: 473-481. [DOI:10.1007/s10616-010-9290-0] [PMID] [PMCID]

27. [27] Badrnya S, Schrottmaier WC, Kral JB, Yaiw K-C, Volf I, Schabbauer G, et al. Platelets mediate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced monocyte extravasation and foam cell formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34: 571-580. [DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302919] [PMID]

28. [28] Mashour NH, Lin GI, Frishman WH. Herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: clinical considerations. Arch Int Med 1998; 158: 2225-2234. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.158.20.2225] [PMID]

29. [29] Hamidpour R, Hamidpour M, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M. Cinnamon from the selection of traditional applications to its novel effects on the inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer cells and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, and a series of functions such as antioxidant, anticholesterol, antidiabetes, antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, acaracidal, and repellent activities. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5: 66-70. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.008] [PMID] [PMCID]

30. [30] Duan SZ, Usher MG, Mortensen RM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-mediated effects in the vasculature. Circ Res 2008; 102: 283-294. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.164384] [PMID]

31. [31] Kim SH, Choung SY. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33: 325-333. [DOI:10.1007/s12272-010-0219-0] [PMID]

32. [32] Sheng X, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Huang C, Zang YQ. Improved insulin resistance and lipid metabolism by cinnamon extract through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2008; 2008: 581348. [DOI:10.1155/2008/581348] [PMID] [PMCID]

33. [33] Lazar MA. Progress in cardiovascular biology: PPAR for the course. Nat Med 2001; 7: 23-24. [DOI:10.1038/83301] [PMID]

34. [34] Daub K, Langer H, Seizer P, Stellos K, May AE, Goyal P, et al. Platelets induce differentiation of human CD34+ progenitor cells into foam cells and endothelial cells. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2559-2561. [DOI:10.1096/fj.06-6265fje] [PMID]

35. [35] Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Schmidt WF, Khan A, Flanagan VP, et al. Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 65-70. [DOI:10.1021/jf034916b] [PMID]

36. [1] Toth P. Subclinical atherosclerosis: what it means and what we can do about it. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62: 1246-1254. [DOI:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01804.x] [PMID] [PMCID]

37. [2] Duan L, Xiong X, Hu J, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Panax notoginseng saponins for treating coronary artery disease: a functional and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8: 702-711. [DOI:10.3389/fphar.2017.00702] [PMID] [PMCID]

38. [3] Cheraghi M, Asadi-Samani M. Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and promising herbal remedies in traditional Persian medicine. Der Pharmacia Lett 2016; 8: 58-66. (Persian)

39. [4] Badimon L, Vilahur G. Thrombosis formation on atherosclerotic lesions and plaque rupture. J Int Med 2014; 276: 618-632. [DOI:10.1111/joim.12296] [PMID]

40. [5] Wilson P, Cannon C, Downey B. Overview of the risk equivalents and established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. UpToDate. Post TW, Editors, UpToDate Waltham; 2015. 2017.

41. [6] Shigematsu K, Watanabe Y, Nakano H, Committee KSR. Influences of hyperlipidemia history on stroke outcome; a retrospective cohort study based on the Kyoto Stroke Registry. BMC Neurol 2015; 15: 44-51. [DOI:10.1186/s12883-015-0297-1] [PMID] [PMCID]

42. [7] Chatterjee M, Gawaz M. Platelets in atherosclerosis. platelets in thrombotic and non-thrombotic disorders: Springer; 2017; p: 993-1013. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_66]

43. [8] Stephen J, Emerson B, Fox KA, Dransfield I. The uncoupling of monocyte-platelet interactions from the induction of proinflammatory signaling in monocytes. J Immunology 2013; 191: 5677-5683. [DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1301250] [PMID]

44. [9] Kral JB, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Platelet interaction with innate immune cells. ransfus Med Hemother 2016; 43: 78-88. [DOI:10.1159/000444807] [PMID] [PMCID]

45. [10] von Hundelshausen P, Weber C. Platelets as immune cells: bridging inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2007; 100: 27-40. [DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000252802.25497.b7] [PMID]

46. [11] Stellos K, Gnerlich S, Kraemer B, Lindemann S, Gawaz M. Platelet interaction with progenitor cells: vascular regeneration or injury? Pharmacol Rep 2008; 60: 101.

47. [12] Freedman JE, Loscalzo J. Platelet-monocyte aggregates: bridging thrombosis and inflammation. Circulation 2002; 105: 2130-2132. [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000017140.26466.F5] [PMID]

48. [13] Wu C, Chen R, Liu M, Liu D, Li X, Wang S, et al. Spiromastixones inhibit foam cell formation via regulation of cholesterol efflux and uptake in RAW264. 7 macrophages. Mar Drugs 2015; 13: 6352-6365. [DOI:10.3390/md13106352] [PMID] [PMCID]

49. [14] Ramkumar S, Raghunath A, Raghunath S. Statin therapy: review of safety and potential side effects. Acta Cardiol Sin 2016; 32: 631.

50. [15] Yasini M, Hamidpour M, Ayatolahi A, shahmehr M, Kehanpour N. Synergic effects of summer savory extract and aspirin on human platelets function. Koomesh 2019; 21. (Persian).

51. [16] Hedaryan AH, Hamidpour M, Ayatolahi AM, Allah bakhshian Farsiani M. The synergic effect of artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) extract and Aspirin (ASA) on platelet function. J Med Plants 2019; 2: 1-10. [DOI:10.29252/jmp.2.70.87]

52. [17] Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Hamidpour M, Shahlari M, Sohraby M. Summer savory: from the selection of traditional applications to the novel effect in relief, prevention, and treatment of a number of serious Illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer 's disease, and cancer. J Tradit Compl Med 2014; 4: 140-144. [DOI:10.4103/2225-4110.136540] [PMID] [PMCID]

53. [18] Nimgulkar C, Ghosh S, Sankar AB, Uday KP, Surekha M, Madhusudhanachary P, et al. Combination of spices and herbal extract restores macrophage foam cell migration and abrogates the athero-inflammatory signalling cascade of atherogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72: 53-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.014] [PMID]

54. [19] Amin KA, El-Twab TMA. Oxidative markers, nitric oxide and homocysteine alteration in hypercholesterolimic rats: role of atorvastatine and cinnamon. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009; 2: 254.

55. [20] Hesaraki S, Yahyaei B. Histopathological comparison of the effects of Ceylon cinnamon, Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum on experimental cutaneous wound healing process in rats. Koomesh 2016; 17: 752-760. (Persian).

56. [21] M.ahdieh Mehrpouri, Rafie Hamidpour, Mohsen Hamidpour. Cinnamon inhibits platelet function and improves cardiovascular system. J Med Plants 2020; 19: 1-11. [DOI:10.29252/jmp.1.73.1]

57. [22] Rahman S, Begum H, Rahman Z, Ara F, Iqbal MJ, Yousuf AK. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) as a lipid lowering agent on hypercholesterolemic rats. J Enam Med College 2013; 3: 94-98. (Persian). [DOI:10.3329/jemc.v3i2.16132]

58. [23] Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Waeg G, Striegl G, Juergens G. Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 1990; 3: 77-92. [DOI:10.1021/tx00014a001] [PMID]

59. [24] Boncler M, Różalski M, Krajewska U, Podsędek A, Watala C. Comparison of PrestoBlue and MTT assays of cellular viability in the assessment of anti-proliferative effects of plant extracts on human endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69: 9-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.vascn.2013.09.003] [PMID]

60. [25] Mehrpouri M, Bashash D, Mohammadi MH, Gheydari ME, Shahabi Satlsar E, Hamidpour M. Co-culture of platelets with monocytes induced M2 macrophage polarization and formation of foam cells: shedding light on the crucial role of platelets in monocyte differentiation. Turk J Hematol 2019; 36: 97-105. [DOI:10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.0218.0449]

61. [26] Xu S, Huang Y, Xie Y, Lan T, Le K, Chen J, et al. Evaluation of foam cell formation in cultured macrophages: an improved method with Oil Red O staining and DiI-oxLDL uptake. Cytotechnology 2010; 62: 473-481. [DOI:10.1007/s10616-010-9290-0] [PMID] [PMCID]

62. [27] Badrnya S, Schrottmaier WC, Kral JB, Yaiw K-C, Volf I, Schabbauer G, et al. Platelets mediate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced monocyte extravasation and foam cell formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34: 571-580. [DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302919] [PMID]

63. [28] Mashour NH, Lin GI, Frishman WH. Herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: clinical considerations. Arch Int Med 1998; 158: 2225-2234. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.158.20.2225] [PMID]

64. [29] Hamidpour R, Hamidpour M, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M. Cinnamon from the selection of traditional applications to its novel effects on the inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer cells and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, and a series of functions such as antioxidant, anticholesterol, antidiabetes, antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, acaracidal, and repellent activities. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5: 66-70. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.008] [PMID] [PMCID]

65. [30] Duan SZ, Usher MG, Mortensen RM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-mediated effects in the vasculature. Circ Res 2008; 102: 283-294. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.164384] [PMID]

66. [31] Kim SH, Choung SY. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33: 325-333. [DOI:10.1007/s12272-010-0219-0] [PMID]

67. [32] Sheng X, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Huang C, Zang YQ. Improved insulin resistance and lipid metabolism by cinnamon extract through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2008; 2008: 581348. [DOI:10.1155/2008/581348] [PMID] [PMCID]

68. [33] Lazar MA. Progress in cardiovascular biology: PPAR for the course. Nat Med 2001; 7: 23-24. [DOI:10.1038/83301] [PMID]

69. [34] Daub K, Langer H, Seizer P, Stellos K, May AE, Goyal P, et al. Platelets induce differentiation of human CD34+ progenitor cells into foam cells and endothelial cells. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2559-2561. [DOI:10.1096/fj.06-6265fje] [PMID]

70. [35] Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Schmidt WF, Khan A, Flanagan VP, et al. Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 65-70. [DOI:10.1021/jf034916b] [PMID]