1. [1] Kraus GP, Fitzgerald BM. Bier Block. Stat Pearls [Internet]: Stat Pearls Publishing; 2017.

2. [2] Wong S, Irwin MG. Procedures under tourniquet. Anaesth Int Care Med 2018; 19: 155-158. [DOI:10.1016/j.mpaic.2018.01.007]

3. [3] Gielen MJ, Stienstra R. Tourniquet hypertension and its prevention: a review. Reg Anesth 1991; 16: 191-194.

4. [4] Kim SH, Cho MJ, Shin YS, Lee JS, Lee JW, Yoon KB. Spinal anesthesia with 3.75 mg of 0.25% hyperbaric bupivacaine for diabetic foot surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56: 273-279. [DOI:10.4097/kjae.2009.56.3.273] [PMID]

5. [5] Foroughian M, Abiri S, Akbari H, Shayesteh Bilandi V, Habibzadeh SR, Alsana F, et al. Effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine versus intravenous morphine in reducing acute extremity trauma-induced pain: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Koomesh 2020; 22: 411-418. (Persian). [DOI:10.29252/koomesh.22.3.411]

6. [6] Rastegarian A, Sadeghi SE, Damshenas MH, Ghanei M, Kalani N, Hemati H, et al. Effects of administration of dexmedetomidine with intrathecal bupivacaine on analgesia after femoral and tibia orthopedic surgery: A double-blind randomized clinical trial study. Koomesh 2020; 22: 678-685. (Persian). [DOI:10.29252/koomesh.22.4.678]

7. [7] Guay J. Adverse events associated with intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block): a systematic review of complications. J Clin Anesth 2009; 21: 585-594. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.01.015] [PMID]

8. [8] McKune C, Shelby A, Eliot T. Regional Anesthesia and Local Blocks. Field Manual Small Anim Med 2018; 165-178. [DOI:10.1002/9781119380528.ch7]

9. [9] Foster RH, Markham A. Levobupivacaine. Drugs 2000; 59: 551-579. [DOI:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00013] [PMID]

10. [10] Ivani G, DeNegri P, Conio A, Grossetti R, Vitale P, Vercellino C, et al. Comparison of racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levo-bupivacaine for pediatric caudal anesthesia: effects on postoperative analgesia and motor block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002; 27: 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1097/00115550-200203000-00008 [DOI:10.1053/rapm.2002.30706] [PMID]

11. [11] Vokach-Brodsky L, Reddy VB, Teixeira K, Cornett EM, Gayle J, Sutker PB, et al. Intravenous regional anesthesia. Essent Reg Anesth 2018; 649-653. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-74838-2_36]

12. [12] Baird AJ, Donald CB. Intravenous regional anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 2019. [DOI:10.1016/j.mpaic.2019.01.012]

13. [13] Weldon C, Ji T, Nguyen MT, Rwei A, Wang W, Hao Y, et al. Nanoscale bupivacaine formulations to enhance the duration and safety of intravenous regional anesthesia. ACS Nano 2018; 13: 18-25. [DOI:10.1021/acsnano.8b05408] [PMID]

14. [14] Brill S, Middleton W, Brill G, Fisher A. Bier's block; 100 years old and still going strong! Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48: 117-122. [DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00280.x] [PMID]

15. [15] Urfalioglu A, Gokdemir O, Hanbeyoglu O, Bilal B, Oksuz G, Toker M, et al. A comparison of ankle block and spinal anesthesia for foot surgery. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 19388-19393.

16. [16] Seyyed-Siamdust SA, Faiz SH, Derakhshan P, Sakhaei M. Evaluation the analgesic effect of nitroglycerine added to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2011; 2: 17-23.

17. [17] Bansal A, Gupta S, Sood D, Kathuria S, Tewari A. Bier's block using lignocaine and butorphanol. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27: 465-469. [DOI:10.4103/0970-9185.86580] [PMID] [PMCID]

18. [18] Kashefi P, Montazeri K, Honarmand A. The analgesic effect of midazolam when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16: 1139.

19. [19] Ko MJ, Lee JH, Cheong SH, Shin CM, Kim YJ, Choe YK, et al. Comparison of the effects of acetaminophen to ketorolac when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2010; 58: 357. [DOI:10.4097/kjae.2010.58.4.357] [PMID] [PMCID]

20. [20] Alboyeh M, Azarian M. Comparison of the combined effects of "Fentanyl + lidocaine + pavelone" with lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia. J Clin Med Ibn Sina 2003; 10: 12-16. (Persian).

21. [21] Sen H, Kulahci Y, Bicerer E, Ozkan S, Dagli G, Turan A. The analgesic effect of paracetamol when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 1327-1330. [DOI:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181b0fedb] [PMID]