1. [1] Díaz-Román A, Mitchell R, Cortese S. Sleep in adults with ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89: 61-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.014] [PMID]

2. [2] Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller E, Glasziou P. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2015; 135: e994-1001. [DOI:10.1542/peds.2014-3482] [PMID]

3. [3] Lucas I, Mulraney M, Sciberras E. Sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in children with ADHD: Associations with social, emotional, and behavioral functioning at school, a cross-sectional study. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17: 411-422. [DOI:10.1080/15402002.2017.1376207] [PMID]

4. [4] Nuckols CC, Nuckols CC. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5). Philadelphia: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.

5. [5] Gray L, Rice M. Pilot study to determine feasibility of measuring sleep hygiene and ADHD in mother, father and school-aged child. J Childhood Develop Disord 2017; 3: 5. [DOI:10.4172/2472-1786.100043]

6. [6] Alishahi MJ, DEH BG, Dehghan B. Prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among the students of primary schools. 2003.

7. [7] Peppers KH, Eisbach S, Atkins S, Poole JM, Derouin A. An intervention to promote sleep and reduce ADHD symptoms. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30: e43-e48. [DOI:10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.07.008] [PMID]

8. [8] Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Cortese S. Sleep and ADHD. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 652-658. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.012] [PMID]

9. [9] Cortese S, Brown TE, Corkum P, Gruber R, O'Brien LM, Stein M, et al. Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2013; 52: 784-796. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.001] [PMID]

10. [10] Yoon SY, Jain U, Shapiro C. Sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: past, present, and future. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16: 371-388. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.001] [PMID]

11. [11] Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, Lecendreux M. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2009; 48: 894-908. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ae09c9 [DOI:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ac09c9]

12. [12] van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Gunning WB. Sleep hygiene and actigraphically evaluated sleep characteristics in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. J Sleep Res 2006; 15: 55-62. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00491.x] [PMID]

13. [13] Kirov R, Brand S. Sleep problems and their effect in ADHD. Exp Rev Neurother 2014; 14: 287-299. [DOI:10.1586/14737175.2014.885382] [PMID]

14. [14] Faraone SV. The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87: 255-270. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001] [PMID]

15. [15] Galland BC, Tripp EG, Taylor BJ. The sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on and off methylphenidate: a matched case-control study. J Sleep Res 2010; 19: 366-373. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00795.x] [PMID]

16. [16] Cortese S, Holtmann M, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Coghill D, Danckaerts M, et al. Practitioner review: current best practice in the management of adverse events during treatment with ADHD medications in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54: 227-246. [DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12036] [PMID]

17. [17] Stein MA. Unravelling sleep problems in treated and untreated children with ADHD. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1999; 9: 157-168. [DOI:10.1089/cap.1999.9.157] [PMID]

18. [18] Faraone SV, Glatt SJ, Bukstein OG, Lopez FA, Arnold LE, Findling RL. Effects of once-daily oral and transdermal methylphenidate on sleep behavior of children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2009; 12: 308-315. [DOI:10.1177/1087054708314844] [PMID]

19. [19] Sangal RB, Owens J, Allen AJ, Sutton V, Schuh K, Kelsey D. Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD. Sleep 2006; 29: 1573-1585. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/29.12.1573] [PMID]

20. [20] Sobanski E, Schredl M, Kettler N, Alm B. Sleep in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and during treatment with methylphenidate: a controlled polysomnographic study. Sleep 2008; 31: 375-381. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/31.3.375] [PMID] [PMCID]

21. [21] Lycett K, Mensah FK, Hiscock H, Sciberras E. A prospective study of sleep problems in children with ADHD. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 1354-1361. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.004] [PMID]

22. [22] Fallahzadeh H, Etesam F, Asgarian FS. Validity and reliability related to the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015; 13: 271-278. [DOI:10.1111/sbr.12114]

23. [23] Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep 2000; 23: 1043-1052. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/23.8.1d] [PMID]

24. [24] Efron D, Lycett K, Sciberras E. Use of sleep medication in children with ADHD. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 472-475. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.10.018] [PMID]

25. [25] Lee SH, Seo WS, Sung HM, Choi TY, Kim SY, Choi SJ, et al. Effect of methylphenidate on sleep parameters in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9: 384. [DOI:10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.384] [PMID] [PMCID]

26. [26] De Crescenzo F, Licchelli S, Ciabattini M, Menghini D, Armando M, Alfieri P, et al. The use of actigraphy in the monitoring of sleep and activity in ADHD: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 26: 9-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.04.002] [PMID]

27. [27] Gomes AA, Parchão C, Almeida A, Clemente V, De Azevedo MH. Sleep-wake patterns reported by parents in hyperactive children diagnosed according to ICD-10, as compared to paired controls. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2014; 45: 533-543. [DOI:10.1007/s10578-013-0422-6] [PMID]

28. [28] Knight FL, Dimitriou D. Poor sleep has negative implications for children with and without ADHD, but in different ways. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17: 423-436. [DOI:10.1080/15402002.2017.1395335] [PMID]

29. [29] Cassoff J, Wiebe ST, Gruber R. Sleep patterns and the risk for ADHD: a review. Nat Sci Sleep 2012; 4: 73-80. [DOI:10.2147/NSS.S31269] [PMID] [PMCID]

30. [30] Schneider BN, Enenbach M. Managing the risks of ADHD treatments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16: 479. [DOI:10.1007/s11920-014-0479-3] [PMID]

31. [31] Sadolahi A, Ghorbani R, Bakhtiyari J, Salmani M, Khademi A, Mohammadi N, et al. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in first to third grades primary school students in Semnan, Iran. Koomesh 2019; 21: 292-297. (Persian)

32. [1] Díaz-Román A, Mitchell R, Cortese S. Sleep in adults with ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89: 61-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.014] [PMID]

33. [2] Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller E, Glasziou P. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2015; 135: e994-1001. [DOI:10.1542/peds.2014-3482] [PMID]

34. [3] Lucas I, Mulraney M, Sciberras E. Sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in children with ADHD: Associations with social, emotional, and behavioral functioning at school, a cross-sectional study. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17: 411-422. [DOI:10.1080/15402002.2017.1376207] [PMID]

35. [4] Nuckols CC, Nuckols CC. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5). Philadelphia: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.

36. [5] Gray L, Rice M. Pilot study to determine feasibility of measuring sleep hygiene and ADHD in mother, father and school-aged child. J Childhood Develop Disord 2017; 3: 5. [DOI:10.4172/2472-1786.100043]

37. [6] Alishahi MJ, DEH BG, Dehghan B. Prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among the students of primary schools. 2003.

38. [7] Peppers KH, Eisbach S, Atkins S, Poole JM, Derouin A. An intervention to promote sleep and reduce ADHD symptoms. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30: e43-e48. [DOI:10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.07.008] [PMID]

39. [8] Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Cortese S. Sleep and ADHD. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 652-658. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.012] [PMID]

40. [9] Cortese S, Brown TE, Corkum P, Gruber R, O'Brien LM, Stein M, et al. Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2013; 52: 784-796. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.001] [PMID]

41. [10] Yoon SY, Jain U, Shapiro C. Sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: past, present, and future. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16: 371-388. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.001] [PMID]

42. [11] Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, Lecendreux M. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2009; 48: 894-908. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ae09c9 [DOI:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ac09c9]

43. [12] van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Gunning WB. Sleep hygiene and actigraphically evaluated sleep characteristics in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. J Sleep Res 2006; 15: 55-62. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00491.x] [PMID]

44. [13] Kirov R, Brand S. Sleep problems and their effect in ADHD. Exp Rev Neurother 2014; 14: 287-299. [DOI:10.1586/14737175.2014.885382] [PMID]

45. [14] Faraone SV. The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87: 255-270. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001] [PMID]

46. [15] Galland BC, Tripp EG, Taylor BJ. The sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on and off methylphenidate: a matched case-control study. J Sleep Res 2010; 19: 366-373. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00795.x] [PMID]

47. [16] Cortese S, Holtmann M, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Coghill D, Danckaerts M, et al. Practitioner review: current best practice in the management of adverse events during treatment with ADHD medications in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54: 227-246. [DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12036] [PMID]

48. [17] Stein MA. Unravelling sleep problems in treated and untreated children with ADHD. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1999; 9: 157-168. [DOI:10.1089/cap.1999.9.157] [PMID]

49. [18] Faraone SV, Glatt SJ, Bukstein OG, Lopez FA, Arnold LE, Findling RL. Effects of once-daily oral and transdermal methylphenidate on sleep behavior of children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2009; 12: 308-315. [DOI:10.1177/1087054708314844] [PMID]

50. [19] Sangal RB, Owens J, Allen AJ, Sutton V, Schuh K, Kelsey D. Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD. Sleep 2006; 29: 1573-1585. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/29.12.1573] [PMID]

51. [20] Sobanski E, Schredl M, Kettler N, Alm B. Sleep in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and during treatment with methylphenidate: a controlled polysomnographic study. Sleep 2008; 31: 375-381. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/31.3.375] [PMID] [PMCID]

52. [21] Lycett K, Mensah FK, Hiscock H, Sciberras E. A prospective study of sleep problems in children with ADHD. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 1354-1361. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.004] [PMID]

53. [22] Fallahzadeh H, Etesam F, Asgarian FS. Validity and reliability related to the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015; 13: 271-278. [DOI:10.1111/sbr.12114]

54. [23] Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep 2000; 23: 1043-1052. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/23.8.1d] [PMID]

55. [24] Efron D, Lycett K, Sciberras E. Use of sleep medication in children with ADHD. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 472-475. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.10.018] [PMID]

56. [25] Lee SH, Seo WS, Sung HM, Choi TY, Kim SY, Choi SJ, et al. Effect of methylphenidate on sleep parameters in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9: 384. [DOI:10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.384] [PMID] [PMCID]

57. [26] De Crescenzo F, Licchelli S, Ciabattini M, Menghini D, Armando M, Alfieri P, et al. The use of actigraphy in the monitoring of sleep and activity in ADHD: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 26: 9-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.04.002] [PMID]

58. [27] Gomes AA, Parchão C, Almeida A, Clemente V, De Azevedo MH. Sleep-wake patterns reported by parents in hyperactive children diagnosed according to ICD-10, as compared to paired controls. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2014; 45: 533-543. [DOI:10.1007/s10578-013-0422-6] [PMID]

59. [28] Knight FL, Dimitriou D. Poor sleep has negative implications for children with and without ADHD, but in different ways. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17: 423-436. [DOI:10.1080/15402002.2017.1395335] [PMID]

60. [29] Cassoff J, Wiebe ST, Gruber R. Sleep patterns and the risk for ADHD: a review. Nat Sci Sleep 2012; 4: 73-80. [DOI:10.2147/NSS.S31269] [PMID] [PMCID]

61. [30] Schneider BN, Enenbach M. Managing the risks of ADHD treatments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16: 479. [DOI:10.1007/s11920-014-0479-3] [PMID]

62. [31] Sadolahi A, Ghorbani R, Bakhtiyari J, Salmani M, Khademi A, Mohammadi N, et al. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in first to third grades primary school students in Semnan, Iran. Koomesh 2019; 21: 292-297. (Persian)