1. [1] Rickards LD. The effectiveness of non-invasive treatments for active myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review of the literature. 2006; 9: 120-136. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijosm.2006.07.007]

2. [2] Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons' myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body: Lippincott williams & wilkins; 1999.

3. [3] Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2004; 14: 95-107. [DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.018] [PMID]

4. [4] Hong CZ. Myofascial pain therapy. J Musculoskel Pain 2004; 12: 37-43. [DOI:10.1300/J094v12n03_06]

5. [5] Kalichman L, Vulfsons S. Dry needling in the management of musculoskeletal pain. J Am Board Fam Med 2010; 23: 640-6. [DOI:10.3122/jabfm.2010.05.090296] [PMID]

6. [6] Cummings TM, White AR. Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2001; 82: 986-992. [DOI:10.1053/apmr.2001.24023] [PMID]

7. [7] Kamanli A, Kaya A, Ardicoglu O, Ozgocmen S, Zengin FO, Bayık Y. Comparison of lidocaine injection, botulinum toxin injection, and dry needling to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2005; 25: 604-611. [DOI:10.1007/s00296-004-0485-6] [PMID]

8. [8] Mejuto-Vázquez MJ, Salom-Moreno J, Ortega-Santiago R, Truyols-Domínguez S, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Short-term changes in neck pain, widespread pressure pain sensitivity, and cervical range of motion after the application of trigger point dry needling in patients with acute mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014; 44: 252-260. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2014.5108] [PMID]

9. [9] Tekin L, Akarsu S, Durmuş O, Çakar E, Dinçer Ü, Kıralp MZ. The effect of dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32: 309-315. [DOI:10.1007/s10067-012-2112-3] [PMID]

10. [10] Espejo-Antúnez L, Tejeda JF, Albornoz-Cabello M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J, de la Cruz-Torres B, Ribeiro F, Silva AG. Dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger points: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2017; 33: 46-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.003] [PMID]

11. [11] Tough EA, White AR, Cummings TM, Richards SH, Campbell JL. Acupuncture and dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Pain 2009; 13: 3-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.02.006] [PMID]

12. [12] Audette JF, Wang F, Smith H. Bilateral activation of motor unit potentials with unilateral needle stimulation of active myofascial trigger points. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2004; 83: 368-374. [DOI:10.1097/01.PHM.0000118037.61143.7C] [PMID]

13. [13] Partanen JV, Ojala TA, Arokoski JP. Myofascial syndrome and pain: a neurophysiological approach. Pathophysiology 2010; 17: 19-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.05.001] [PMID]

14. [14] Kuan TS, Chen JT, Chen SM, Chien CH, Hong CZ. Effect of botulinum toxin on endplate noise in myofascial trigger spots of rabbit skeletal muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2002; 81: 512-520. [DOI:10.1097/00002060-200207000-00008] [PMID]

15. [15] Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Fernández-Carnero J, León-Hernández JV, Calvo-Lobo C, Beltran-Alacreu H, Alguacil-Diego I, et al. Postneedling soreness and tenderness after different dosages of dry needling of an aActive myofascial trigger point in patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. PM R 2018; 10: 1311-1320. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.015] [PMID]

16. [16] Domingo A, Mayoral O, Monterde S, Santafé MM. Neuromuscular damage and repair after dry needling in mice. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2013; 2013. [DOI:10.1155/2013/260806] [PMID] [PMCID]

17. [17] Salom-Moreno J, Jiménez-Gómez L, Gómez-Ahufinger V, Palacios-Ceña M, Arias-Buría JL, Koppenhaver SL, et al. Effects of low-load exercise on postneedling-induced pain after dry needling of active trigger point in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome. PM R 2017; 9: 1208-1216. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.012] [PMID]

18. [18] Zugasti AM, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, García-Muro F, López-López A, Mayoral O, Mesa-Jiménez J, Fernández-Carnero JJ. Effects of spray and stretch on postneedling soreness and sensitivity after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2014; 95: 1925-1932. e1. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.021] [PMID]

19. [19] Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Pecos-Martin D, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, Alguacil-Diego IM, Portillo-Aceituno A, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Fernandez-Carnero J. Ischemic compression after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point reduces postneedling soreness intensity and duration. PM R 2015; 7: 1026-1034. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.021] [PMID]

20. [20] Perreault T, Dunning J, Butts R. The local twitch response during trigger point dry needling: Is it necessary for successful outcomes? J Bodyw Move Ther 2017; 21: 940-947. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.008] [PMID]

21. [21] Takano T, Chen X, Luo F, Fujita T, Ren Z, Goldman N, et al. Traditional acupuncture triggers a local increase in adenosine in human subjects. The J Pain 2012; 13: 1215-1223. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.012] [PMID] [PMCID]

22. [22] Butts R, Dunning J, Perreault T, Mourad F, Grubb M. International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2016.

23. [23] Devereux F, O'Rourke B, Byrne PJ, Byrne D, Kinsella S. The effects of myofascial trigger point release on the power and force production in the lower limb kinetic Chain. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 2453-2463. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002520] [PMID]

24. [24] Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Head Rep 2012; 16: 439-444. [DOI:10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4] [PMID] [PMCID]

25. [25] Rosenberger WF, Lachin JM. Randomization in clinical trials: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons 2015. [DOI:10.1002/9781118742112]

26. [26] Sikdar S, Shah JP, Gebreab T, Yen RH, Gilliams E, Danoff J, Gerber LH. Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2009; 90: 1829-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.015] [PMID] [PMCID]

27. [27] Gam AN, Warming S, Larsen LH, Jensen B, Høydalsmo O, Allon I, et al. Treatment of myofascial trigger-points with ultrasound combined with massage and exercise-a randomised controlled trial. Pain 1998; 77: 73-79. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00084-0]

28. [28] Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Dommerholt J. Basic concepts of myofascial trigger points (TrPs). Trigger Point Dry Needl Evid Clin Based Appr 2013; 3-19. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4601-8.00001-3]

29. [29] Koppenhaver SL, Walker MJ, Su J, McGowen JM, Umlauf L, Harris KD, Ross MD. Changes in lumbar multifidus muscle function and nociceptive sensitivity in low back pain patient responders versus non-responders after dry needling treatment. Manual Ther 2015; 20: 769-776. [DOI:10.1016/j.math.2015.03.003] [PMID]

30. [30] Benham A, Johnson MI. Effect of bidirectional rotation of an acupuncture needle at LI10 on acupuncture needle sensation and experimentally-induced contact heat pain in healthy human volunteers. Acupunct Med 2014; 2: 267-272. [DOI:10.1136/acupmed-2013-010483] [PMID]

31. [31] Taghizadeh Dlkhoush C, Bakhshi S, Safavi Farokhi Z, MirmohammadKhani M. Comparison of dry needling and inhibitory kinesio taping on the pain and functional disability in females with myofascial pain syndrome in upper trapezius muscle. Koomesh 2019; 21: 610-618. (Persian).

32. [32] Gerber LH, Shah J, Rosenberger W, Armstrong K, Turo D, Otto P, et al. Dry needling alters trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle and reduces pain in subjects with chronic myofascial pain. PM R 2015; 7: 711-718. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.020] [PMID] [PMCID]

33. [33] Chou LW, Hsieh YL, Chen HS, Hong CZ, Kao MJ, Han TI. Remote therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture in treating myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2011; 90: 1036-1049. [DOI:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182328875] [PMID]

34. [34] Ilbuldu E, Cakmak A, Disci R, Aydin R. Comparison of laser, dry needling, and placebo laser treatments in myofascial pain syndrome. Photomed Laser Ther 2004; 22: 306-311. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2004.22.306] [PMID]

35. [35] Koritnik B, Eržen I, Sketelj J. Muscle activity-resistant acetylcholine receptor accumulation is induced in places of former motor endplates in ectopically innervated regenerating rat muscles. Int J Dev Neuros 2001; 19: 339-46. [DOI:10.1016/S0736-5748(01)00018-1]

36. [36] Cagnie B, Barbe T, De Ridder E, Van Oosterwijck J, Cools A, Danneels L. The influence of dry needling of the trapezius muscle on muscle blood flow and oxygenation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2012; 35: 685-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.10.005] [PMID]

37. [37] Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Yassin M. The effects of pressure release, phonophoresis of hydrocortisone, and ultrasound on upper trapezius latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2012; 93: 72-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.001] [PMID]

38. [38] Dommerholt J, Mayoral del Moral O, Gröbli C. Trigger point dry needling. J Manual Manipul Ther 2006; 14: 70E-87E. [DOI:10.1179/jmt.2006.14.4.70E]

39. [39] Dommerholt J. Dry needling in orthopedic physical therapy practice. Orthop Phys Ther Pract 2004; 16: 15-20.

40. [40] Bandy WD, Nelson R, Beamer L. Comparison of dry needling vs. sham on the performance of vertical jump. Int J Sport Phys Ther 2017; 12: 747. [DOI:10.26603/ijspt20170747]

41. [1] Rickards LD. The effectiveness of non-invasive treatments for active myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review of the literature. 2006; 9: 120-136. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijosm.2006.07.007]

42. [2] Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons' myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body: Lippincott williams & wilkins; 1999.

43. [3] Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2004; 14: 95-107. [DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.018] [PMID]

44. [4] Hong CZ. Myofascial pain therapy. J Musculoskel Pain 2004; 12: 37-43. [DOI:10.1300/J094v12n03_06]

45. [5] Kalichman L, Vulfsons S. Dry needling in the management of musculoskeletal pain. J Am Board Fam Med 2010; 23: 640-6. [DOI:10.3122/jabfm.2010.05.090296] [PMID]

46. [6] Cummings TM, White AR. Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2001; 82: 986-992. [DOI:10.1053/apmr.2001.24023] [PMID]

47. [7] Kamanli A, Kaya A, Ardicoglu O, Ozgocmen S, Zengin FO, Bayık Y. Comparison of lidocaine injection, botulinum toxin injection, and dry needling to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2005; 25: 604-611. [DOI:10.1007/s00296-004-0485-6] [PMID]

48. [8] Mejuto-Vázquez MJ, Salom-Moreno J, Ortega-Santiago R, Truyols-Domínguez S, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Short-term changes in neck pain, widespread pressure pain sensitivity, and cervical range of motion after the application of trigger point dry needling in patients with acute mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014; 44: 252-260. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2014.5108] [PMID]

49. [9] Tekin L, Akarsu S, Durmuş O, Çakar E, Dinçer Ü, Kıralp MZ. The effect of dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32: 309-315. [DOI:10.1007/s10067-012-2112-3] [PMID]

50. [10] Espejo-Antúnez L, Tejeda JF, Albornoz-Cabello M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J, de la Cruz-Torres B, Ribeiro F, Silva AG. Dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger points: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2017; 33: 46-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.003] [PMID]

51. [11] Tough EA, White AR, Cummings TM, Richards SH, Campbell JL. Acupuncture and dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Pain 2009; 13: 3-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.02.006] [PMID]

52. [12] Audette JF, Wang F, Smith H. Bilateral activation of motor unit potentials with unilateral needle stimulation of active myofascial trigger points. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2004; 83: 368-374. [DOI:10.1097/01.PHM.0000118037.61143.7C] [PMID]

53. [13] Partanen JV, Ojala TA, Arokoski JP. Myofascial syndrome and pain: a neurophysiological approach. Pathophysiology 2010; 17: 19-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.05.001] [PMID]

54. [14] Kuan TS, Chen JT, Chen SM, Chien CH, Hong CZ. Effect of botulinum toxin on endplate noise in myofascial trigger spots of rabbit skeletal muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2002; 81: 512-520. [DOI:10.1097/00002060-200207000-00008] [PMID]

55. [15] Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Fernández-Carnero J, León-Hernández JV, Calvo-Lobo C, Beltran-Alacreu H, Alguacil-Diego I, et al. Postneedling soreness and tenderness after different dosages of dry needling of an aActive myofascial trigger point in patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. PM R 2018; 10: 1311-1320. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.015] [PMID]

56. [16] Domingo A, Mayoral O, Monterde S, Santafé MM. Neuromuscular damage and repair after dry needling in mice. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2013; 2013. [DOI:10.1155/2013/260806] [PMID] [PMCID]

57. [17] Salom-Moreno J, Jiménez-Gómez L, Gómez-Ahufinger V, Palacios-Ceña M, Arias-Buría JL, Koppenhaver SL, et al. Effects of low-load exercise on postneedling-induced pain after dry needling of active trigger point in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome. PM R 2017; 9: 1208-1216. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.012] [PMID]

58. [18] Zugasti AM, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, García-Muro F, López-López A, Mayoral O, Mesa-Jiménez J, Fernández-Carnero JJ. Effects of spray and stretch on postneedling soreness and sensitivity after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2014; 95: 1925-1932. e1. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.021] [PMID]

59. [19] Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Pecos-Martin D, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, Alguacil-Diego IM, Portillo-Aceituno A, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Fernandez-Carnero J. Ischemic compression after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point reduces postneedling soreness intensity and duration. PM R 2015; 7: 1026-1034. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.021] [PMID]

60. [20] Perreault T, Dunning J, Butts R. The local twitch response during trigger point dry needling: Is it necessary for successful outcomes? J Bodyw Move Ther 2017; 21: 940-947. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.008] [PMID]

61. [21] Takano T, Chen X, Luo F, Fujita T, Ren Z, Goldman N, et al. Traditional acupuncture triggers a local increase in adenosine in human subjects. The J Pain 2012; 13: 1215-1223. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.012] [PMID] [PMCID]

62. [22] Butts R, Dunning J, Perreault T, Mourad F, Grubb M. International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2016.

63. [23] Devereux F, O'Rourke B, Byrne PJ, Byrne D, Kinsella S. The effects of myofascial trigger point release on the power and force production in the lower limb kinetic Chain. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 2453-2463. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002520] [PMID]

64. [24] Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Head Rep 2012; 16: 439-444. [DOI:10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4] [PMID] [PMCID]

65. [25] Rosenberger WF, Lachin JM. Randomization in clinical trials: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons 2015. [DOI:10.1002/9781118742112]

66. [26] Sikdar S, Shah JP, Gebreab T, Yen RH, Gilliams E, Danoff J, Gerber LH. Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2009; 90: 1829-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.015] [PMID] [PMCID]

67. [27] Gam AN, Warming S, Larsen LH, Jensen B, Høydalsmo O, Allon I, et al. Treatment of myofascial trigger-points with ultrasound combined with massage and exercise-a randomised controlled trial. Pain 1998; 77: 73-79. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00084-0]

68. [28] Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Dommerholt J. Basic concepts of myofascial trigger points (TrPs). Trigger Point Dry Needl Evid Clin Based Appr 2013; 3-19. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4601-8.00001-3]

69. [29] Koppenhaver SL, Walker MJ, Su J, McGowen JM, Umlauf L, Harris KD, Ross MD. Changes in lumbar multifidus muscle function and nociceptive sensitivity in low back pain patient responders versus non-responders after dry needling treatment. Manual Ther 2015; 20: 769-776. [DOI:10.1016/j.math.2015.03.003] [PMID]

70. [30] Benham A, Johnson MI. Effect of bidirectional rotation of an acupuncture needle at LI10 on acupuncture needle sensation and experimentally-induced contact heat pain in healthy human volunteers. Acupunct Med 2014; 2: 267-272. [DOI:10.1136/acupmed-2013-010483] [PMID]

71. [31] Taghizadeh Dlkhoush C, Bakhshi S, Safavi Farokhi Z, MirmohammadKhani M. Comparison of dry needling and inhibitory kinesio taping on the pain and functional disability in females with myofascial pain syndrome in upper trapezius muscle. Koomesh 2019; 21: 610-618. (Persian).

72. [32] Gerber LH, Shah J, Rosenberger W, Armstrong K, Turo D, Otto P, et al. Dry needling alters trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle and reduces pain in subjects with chronic myofascial pain. PM R 2015; 7: 711-718. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.020] [PMID] [PMCID]

73. [33] Chou LW, Hsieh YL, Chen HS, Hong CZ, Kao MJ, Han TI. Remote therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture in treating myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2011; 90: 1036-1049. [DOI:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182328875] [PMID]

74. [34] Ilbuldu E, Cakmak A, Disci R, Aydin R. Comparison of laser, dry needling, and placebo laser treatments in myofascial pain syndrome. Photomed Laser Ther 2004; 22: 306-311. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2004.22.306] [PMID]

75. [35] Koritnik B, Eržen I, Sketelj J. Muscle activity-resistant acetylcholine receptor accumulation is induced in places of former motor endplates in ectopically innervated regenerating rat muscles. Int J Dev Neuros 2001; 19: 339-46. [DOI:10.1016/S0736-5748(01)00018-1]

76. [36] Cagnie B, Barbe T, De Ridder E, Van Oosterwijck J, Cools A, Danneels L. The influence of dry needling of the trapezius muscle on muscle blood flow and oxygenation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2012; 35: 685-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.10.005] [PMID]

77. [37] Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Yassin M. The effects of pressure release, phonophoresis of hydrocortisone, and ultrasound on upper trapezius latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2012; 93: 72-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.001] [PMID]

78. [38] Dommerholt J, Mayoral del Moral O, Gröbli C. Trigger point dry needling. J Manual Manipul Ther 2006; 14: 70E-87E. [DOI:10.1179/jmt.2006.14.4.70E]

79. [39] Dommerholt J. Dry needling in orthopedic physical therapy practice. Orthop Phys Ther Pract 2004; 16: 15-20.

80. [40] Bandy WD, Nelson R, Beamer L. Comparison of dry needling vs. sham on the performance of vertical jump. Int J Sport Phys Ther 2017; 12: 747. [DOI:10.26603/ijspt20170747]