1. [1] Awasthi A, Matsunaga Y, Yamada T. Amyloid-beta causes apoptosis of neuronal cells via caspase cascade, which can be prevented by amyloid-beta-derived short peptides. Exp Neurol 2005; 196: 282-289. [DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.001] [PMID]

2. [2] Peng QL, Buz'Zard AR, Lau BH. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 104: 55-65. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00263-2]

3. [3] Hasanvand D, Amiri I, Soleimani Asl S, Saidijam M, Shabab N, Artimani T. Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on the HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC expression in the testes of diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96: 963-969. [DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2017-0784] [PMID]

4. [4] Safari M, Jadidi M, Sameni HR, Zarbakhsh S, Bandegi AR, Vafaei AA, Moghadas Biat S. Beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells treated with low frequency magnetic fields in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: Evaluation of rotation test and serum BDNF levels. Koomesh 2015; 15: 224-232. (Persian).

5. [5] Zhang J, Huang X, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Hu D. The challenges and promises of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for use as a cell-based therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6: 234. [DOI:10.1186/s13287-015-0240-9] [PMID] [PMCID]

6. [6] Saparov A, Ogay V, Nurgozhin T, Jumabay M, Chen WC. Preconditioning of human mesenchymal stem cells to enhance their regulation of the immune response. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016: 3924858. [DOI:10.1155/2016/3924858] [PMID] [PMCID]

7. [7] Imura T, Tomiyasu M, Otsuru N, Nakagawa K, Otsuka T, Takahashi S, et al. Hypoxic preconditioning increases the neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury. J Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 7. [DOI:10.4172/2157-7633.1000375]

8. [8] Elks PM, van Eeden FJ, Dixon G, Wang X, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Ingham PW, et al. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (hif-1α) delays inflammation resolution by reducing neutrophil apoptosis and reverse migration in a zebrafish inflammation model. Blood 2011; 118: 712-722. [DOI:10.1182/blood-2010-12-324186] [PMID]

9. [9] Leigh Leasure J, West R. Can the brain benefits of exercise be enhanced without additional exercise? J Neurol Neuromedicine 2016; 1: 37-40. [DOI:10.29245/2572.942X/2016/2.1027] [PMID]

10. [10] Radak Z, Suzuki K, Higuchi M, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Koltai E. Physical exercise, reactive oxygen species and neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98: 187-196. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.024] [PMID]

11. [11] Radák Z, Chung HY, Naito H, Takahashi R, Jung KJ, Kim HJ, Goto S. Age-associated increase in oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappaB activation are attenuated in rat liver by regular exercise. Faseb J 2004; 18: 749-750. [DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0509fje] [PMID]

12. [12] Navarro A, Gomez C, López-Cepero JM, Boveris A. Beneficial effects of moderate exercise on mice aging: survival, behavior, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial electron transfer. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286: R505-511. [DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00208.2003] [PMID]

13. [13] Esmaeilzade B, Artimani T, Amiri I, Najafi R, Shahidi S, Sabec M, et al. Dimethyloxalylglycine preconditioning enhances protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Aβ-induced Alzheimer disease. Physiol Behav 2019; 199: 265-272. (Persian). [DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.034] [PMID]

14. [14] Radák Z, Chung HY, Naito H, Takahashi R, Jung KJ, Kim HJ, Goto S. Age-associated increase in oxidative stress and nuclear factor κB activation are attenuated in rat liver by regular exercise. FASEB J 2004; 18: 749-750. [DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0509fje] [PMID]

15. [15] Zhao C, Deng W, Gage FH. Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell 2008; 132: 645-660. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.033] [PMID]

16. [16] Sajadi A, Amiri I, Gharebaghi A, Komaki A, Asadbegi M, Shahidi S, et al., Treadmill exercise alters ecstasy- induced long- term potentiation disruption in the hippocampus of male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32: 1603-1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0114-1 [DOI:10.1007/s11011-017-0046-9]

17. [17] Yamaguchi Y, Kawashima S. Effects of amyloid-beta-(25-35) on passive avoidance, radial-arm maze learning and choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 412: 265-272. [DOI:10.1016/S0014-2999(01)00730-0]

18. [18] Nakagawa T, Zhu H, Morishima N, Li E, Xu J, Yankner BA, Yuan J. Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta. Nature 2000; 403: 98-103. [DOI:10.1038/47513] [PMID]

19. [19] Yao M, Nguyen TV, Pike CJ. β-Amyloid-induced neuronal apoptosis involves c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent downregulation of Bcl-w. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 1149-1158. [DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4736-04.2005] [PMID] [PMCID]

20. [20] Safaeinejad F, Bahrami S, Redl H, Niknejad H. Inhibition of inflammation, suppression of matrix metalloproteinases, induction of neurogenesis, and Antioxidant property make Bryostatin-1 a therapeutic choice for multiple sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 625. [DOI:10.3389/fphar.2018.00625] [PMID] [PMCID]

21. [21] Dolev I, Fogel H. Early diagnosis and treatment of alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. United States patent US 2019; 470-485.

22. [22] O'brien KP, Khan S, Gilligan KE, Zafar H, Lalor P, Glynn C, et al. Employing mesenchymal stem cells to support tumor-targeted delivery of extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated microRNA-379. Oncogene 2018; 37: 2137. [DOI:10.1038/s41388-017-0116-9] [PMID]

23. [23] Srijaya TC, Ramasamy TS, Kasim NH. Advancing stem cell therapy from bench to bedside: lessons from drug therapies. J Transl Med 2014; 12: 243. [DOI:10.1186/s12967-014-0243-9] [PMID] [PMCID]

24. [24] Wang X, Ma S, Yang B, Huang T, Meng N, Xu L, et al., Resveratrol promotes hUC-MSCs engraftment and neural repair in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339: 297-304. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.032] [PMID] [PMCID]

25. [25] Mohammadzadeh M, Halabian R, Gharehbaghian A, Amirizadeh N, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Roushandeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Nrf-2 overexpression in mesenchymal stem cells reduces oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17: 553-565. [DOI:10.1007/s12192-012-0331-9] [PMID] [PMCID]

26. [26] Choo KB, Tai L, Hymavathee KS, Wong CY, Nguyen PN, Huang CJ, et al. Oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11: 1201-1207. [DOI:10.7150/ijms.8356] [PMID] [PMCID]

27. [27] Zhang J, Guan J, Qi X, Ding H, Yuan H, Xie Z, et al. Dimethyloxaloylglycine promotes the angiogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from iPSCs via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12: 639-652. [DOI:10.7150/ijbs.14025] [PMID] [PMCID]

28. [28] Olazarán J, Reisberg B, Clare L, Cruz I, Peña-Casanova J, Del Ser T, et al. Nonpharmacological therapies in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of efficacy. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 30: 161-178. [DOI:10.1159/000316119] [PMID]

29. [29] Rashidy-Pour A, Vafaei AA, Mokhtari-Zaer A, Miladi-Gorji H. Physical activity alleviates anxiety but not hippocampal BDNF deficits in morphine abstinent rats. Koomesh 2018; 20: 594-602. (Persian).

30. [30] Kim MJ, Han CW, Min KY, Cho CY, Lee CW, Ogawa Y, et al. Physical exercise with multicomponent cognitive intervention for older adults with alzheimer's disease: a 6-Month randomized controlled trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6: 222-232. [DOI:10.1159/000446508] [PMID] [PMCID]

31. [31] LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31: 1444-1454. [DOI:10.1002/mds.26728] [PMID]

32. [32] Radák Z, Chung HY, Naito H, Takahashi R, Jung KJ, Kim HJ, Goto S. Age-associated increase in oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappaB activation are attenuated in rat liver by regular exercise. FASEB J 2004; 18: 749-750. [DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0509fje] [PMID]

33. [33] Sim YJ, Kim SS, Kim JY, Shin MS, Kim CJ. Treadmill exercise improves short-term memory by suppressing ischemia-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells in gerbils. Neurosci Lett 2004; 372: 256-261. [DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.060] [PMID]

34. [34] Cai M, Wang H, Li JJ, Zhang YL, Xin L, Li F, Lou SJ. The signaling mechanisms of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress affecting neuronal plasticity-related protein levels in high fat diet-induced obese rats and the regulation of aerobic exercise. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57: 347-359. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.010] [PMID]

35. [35] van Praag H, Shubert T, Zhao C, Gage FH. Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 8680-8685. [DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1731-05.2005] [PMID] [PMCID]

36. [36] Swain RA, Harris AB, Wiener EC, Dutka MV, Morris HD, Theien BE, et al. Prolonged exercise induces angiogenesis and increases cerebral blood volume in primary motor cortex of the rat. Neuroscience 2003; 117: 1037-1046. [DOI:10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00664-4]

37. [37] Lista I, Sorrentino G. Biological mechanisms of physical activity in preventing cognitive decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30: 493-503. [DOI:10.1007/s10571-009-9488-x] [PMID]