1. [1] Alm PA. Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations. J Commun Disord 2004; 37: 325-369. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.03.001] [PMID]

2. [2] Craig A, Hancock K, Tran Y, Craig M, Peters K. Epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2002; 45: 1097-1105. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2002/088)]

3. [3] Ingham JC. Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: I. Definition and application. J Fluency Disord 2003; 28: 197-207. [DOI:10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00038-X]

4. [4] Bloodstein O. Some empirical observations about early stuttering: A possible link to language development. J Commun Disord 2006; 39: 185-191. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.11.007] [PMID]

5. [5] Lu C, Peng D, Chen C, Ning N, Ding G, Li K, et al. Altered effective connectivity and anomalous anatomy in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit of stuttering speakers. Cortex 2010; 46: 49-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.017] [PMID]

6. [6] Toyomura A, Fujii T, Kuriki S. Effect of external auditory pacing on the neural activity of stuttering speakers. Neuroimage 2011; 57: 1507-1516. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.039] [PMID]

7. [7] Fransella F. The "rhythm effect" in stuttering as a function of predictability of utterance. Behav Res Ther 1971; 9: 265-271. [DOI:10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X]

8. [8] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S, Menzies R. Using syllable-timed speech to treat preschool children who stutter: A multiple baseline experiment. J Fluency Disord 2009; 34: 1-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.01.001] [PMID]

9. [9] Yairi E, Ambrose NG. Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1999; 42: 1097-1112. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4205.1097] [PMID]

10. [10] Rezai H, Mohseni MT, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Sadollahi A, Ghorbani R. Role of metacognitive beliefs in prediction of anxiety level and stuttering severity in people with stuttering. Koomesh 2014; 16: 14-22.

11. [11] Packman A, Onslow M, van Doorn J. Prolonged speech and modification of stuttering: Perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic data. J Speech Hear Res 1994; 37: 724-737. [DOI:10.1044/jshr.3704.724] [PMID]

12. [12] Jakšić SJ, Onslow M. The science and practice of stuttering treatment: A symposium: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012: 32: 256-276. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]

13. [13] Jaksic SJ, Onslow M. The Science and Practice of Stuttering Treatment: A Symposium: John Wiley & Sons; 2012: 35: 230-247. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]

14. [14] Van Riper C. The treatment of stuttering: Oxford. Prentice Hall; 1973: 56: 136-167.

15. [15] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A. Treating stuttering in a preschool child with syllable timed speech: A case report. Behav Change 2006; 23: 270-277. [DOI:10.1375/bech.23.4.270]

16. [16] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R. A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2011; 13: 500-509. [DOI:10.3109/17549507.2011.578660] [PMID]

17. [17] Andrews C, O'Brian S, Harrison E, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter: A phase I trial. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43: 359-369. [DOI:10.1044/0161-1461(2012/11-0038)]

18. [18] Andrews C. Syllable timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter 2014; 14: 211-218.

19. [19] de Sonneville-Koedoot C, Stolk E, Rietveld T, Franken M-C. Direct versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trial. PloS One 2015; 10: e0133758. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133758] [PMID] [PMCID]

20. [20] Lowe R, O'brian S, Onslow M. Review of telehealth stuttering management. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2013; 65: 223-238. [DOI:10.1159/000357708] [PMID]

21. [21] Kully D. Telehealth in speech pathology: Applications to the treatment of stuttering. J Telemed Telecare 2000; 6: 39-41. [DOI:10.1258/1357633001935509] [PMID]

22. [22] Stuttering Counter (Mobile application software) Retrieved from https://cafebazaar.ir/developer/824308112923/?l=en; 2016.

23. [23] Kingston M, Huber A, Onslow M, Jones M, Packman A. Predicting treatment time with the Lidcombe Program: Replication and meta-analysis. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2003; 38: 165-177. [DOI:10.1080/1368282031000062882] [PMID]

24. [24] Karimi H, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Jones M, Menzies R, Packman A. Unscheduled telephone calls to measure percent syllables stuttered during clinical trials. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2013; 56: 1455-1461. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0264)]

25. [25] Kratochwill TR, Hitchcock J, Horner R, Levin JR, Odom S, Rindskopf D, et al. Single-case designs technical documentation. What works Clearinghouse 2010; 34: 1-23.

26. [26] Andrews G, Craig A. Stuttering: Overt and covert measurement of the speech of treated subjects. J Speech Hear Disord 1982; 47: 96-99. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.4701.96] [PMID]

27. [27] Hoff E. How social contexts support and shape language development. Dev Rev 2006; 26: 55-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2005.11.002]

28. [28] Nelson L, Gregory H. Language formulation related to disfluency and stuttering. Stuttering therapy: Prevention and intervention with children 1986; 12: 19-38.

29. [1] Alm PA. Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations. J Commun Disord 2004; 37: 325-369. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.03.001] [PMID]

30. [2] Craig A, Hancock K, Tran Y, Craig M, Peters K. Epidemiology of stuttering in the community across the entire life span. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2002; 45: 1097-1105. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2002/088)]

31. [3] Ingham JC. Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: I. Definition and application. J Fluency Disord 2003; 28: 197-207. [DOI:10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00038-X]

32. [4] Bloodstein O. Some empirical observations about early stuttering: A possible link to language development. J Commun Disord 2006; 39: 185-191. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.11.007] [PMID]

33. [5] Lu C, Peng D, Chen C, Ning N, Ding G, Li K, et al. Altered effective connectivity and anomalous anatomy in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit of stuttering speakers. Cortex 2010; 46: 49-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.02.017] [PMID]

34. [6] Toyomura A, Fujii T, Kuriki S. Effect of external auditory pacing on the neural activity of stuttering speakers. Neuroimage 2011; 57: 1507-1516. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.039] [PMID]

35. [7] Fransella F. The "rhythm effect" in stuttering as a function of predictability of utterance. Behav Res Ther 1971; 9: 265-271. [DOI:10.1016/0005-7967(71)90012-X]

36. [8] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S, Menzies R. Using syllable-timed speech to treat preschool children who stutter: A multiple baseline experiment. J Fluency Disord 2009; 34: 1-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.01.001] [PMID]

37. [9] Yairi E, Ambrose NG. Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1999; 42: 1097-1112. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4205.1097] [PMID]

38. [10] Rezai H, Mohseni MT, Rezapour Mirsaleh Y, Sadollahi A, Ghorbani R. Role of metacognitive beliefs in prediction of anxiety level and stuttering severity in people with stuttering. Koomesh 2014; 16: 14-22.

39. [11] Packman A, Onslow M, van Doorn J. Prolonged speech and modification of stuttering: Perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic data. J Speech Hear Res 1994; 37: 724-737. [DOI:10.1044/jshr.3704.724] [PMID]

40. [12] Jakšić SJ, Onslow M. The science and practice of stuttering treatment: A symposium: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012: 32: 256-276. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]

41. [13] Jaksic SJ, Onslow M. The Science and Practice of Stuttering Treatment: A Symposium: John Wiley & Sons; 2012: 35: 230-247. [DOI:10.1002/9781118702796]

42. [14] Van Riper C. The treatment of stuttering: Oxford. Prentice Hall; 1973: 56: 136-167.

43. [15] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A. Treating stuttering in a preschool child with syllable timed speech: A case report. Behav Change 2006; 23: 270-277. [DOI:10.1375/bech.23.4.270]

44. [16] Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R. A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2011; 13: 500-509. [DOI:10.3109/17549507.2011.578660] [PMID]

45. [17] Andrews C, O'Brian S, Harrison E, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter: A phase I trial. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43: 359-369. [DOI:10.1044/0161-1461(2012/11-0038)]

46. [18] Andrews C. Syllable timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter 2014; 14: 211-218.

47. [19] de Sonneville-Koedoot C, Stolk E, Rietveld T, Franken M-C. Direct versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trial. PloS One 2015; 10: e0133758. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133758] [PMID] [PMCID]

48. [20] Lowe R, O'brian S, Onslow M. Review of telehealth stuttering management. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2013; 65: 223-238. [DOI:10.1159/000357708] [PMID]

49. [21] Kully D. Telehealth in speech pathology: Applications to the treatment of stuttering. J Telemed Telecare 2000; 6: 39-41. [DOI:10.1258/1357633001935509] [PMID]

50. [22] Stuttering Counter (Mobile application software) Retrieved from https://cafebazaar.ir/developer/824308112923/?l=en; 2016.

51. [23] Kingston M, Huber A, Onslow M, Jones M, Packman A. Predicting treatment time with the Lidcombe Program: Replication and meta-analysis. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2003; 38: 165-177. [DOI:10.1080/1368282031000062882] [PMID]

52. [24] Karimi H, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Jones M, Menzies R, Packman A. Unscheduled telephone calls to measure percent syllables stuttered during clinical trials. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2013; 56: 1455-1461. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0264)]

53. [25] Kratochwill TR, Hitchcock J, Horner R, Levin JR, Odom S, Rindskopf D, et al. Single-case designs technical documentation. What works Clearinghouse 2010; 34: 1-23.

54. [26] Andrews G, Craig A. Stuttering: Overt and covert measurement of the speech of treated subjects. J Speech Hear Disord 1982; 47: 96-99. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.4701.96] [PMID]

55. [27] Hoff E. How social contexts support and shape language development. Dev Rev 2006; 26: 55-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2005.11.002]

56. [28] Nelson L, Gregory H. Language formulation related to disfluency and stuttering. Stuttering therapy: Prevention and intervention with children 1986; 12: 19-38.