1. [1] Ghorbani R, Malek M, Eskandarian R, Rashidy Pour A. Epidemiology of smoking in an Iranian population (Semnan province): A population-based study. Koomesh 2012; 13: 247-253. (Persian). 2. [2] Ordunez P, Campbell NR. Smoking tobacco, the major cause of death and disability in Cuba. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8: e752-e753. [ DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30226-6] 3. [3] van Zyl-Smit RN, Richards G, Leone FT. Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection. Lancet Respir Med 2020. [ DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30239-3] 4. [4] Barrington-Trimis JL, Braymiller JL, Unger JB, McConnell R, Stokes A, Leventhal AM, et al. Trends in the Age of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Young Adults in the US From 2002 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e2019022. [ DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19022] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 5. [5] Rajabi A, Dehghani M, Shojaei A, Farjam M, Motevalian SA. Association between tobacco smoking and opioid use: a meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 92: 225-235. [ DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.043] [ PMID] 6. [6] Thompson AB, Mowery PD, Tebes JK, McKee SA, Research T. Time trends in smoking onset by sex and race/ethnicity among adolescents and young adults: findings from the 2006-2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20: 312-320. [ DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntx010] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 7. [7] Warren CW, Riley L, Asma S, Eriksen MP, Green L, Blanton C, et al. Tobacco use by youth: a surveillance report from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey project. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 868-876. 8. [8] Food and Drug Administration. FDA must use its existing authority to combat the youth e-cigarette use epidemic by preventing addiction now, rather than by seeking to treat it after the fact. The Institute; 2018.. 9. [9] Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Tobacco use and subjective well-being in university students from 29 countries: A brief report. J Psychol Afr. 2020; 30:354-357.. [ DOI:10.1080/14330237.2020.1744302] 10. [10] Kelishadi R, Shahsanai A, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Jari M, Ardalan G, Ansari H, et al. Tobacco use and influencing factors among Iranian children and adolescents at national and subnational levels, according to socioeconomic status: the Caspian-IV study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18: e21858. [ DOI:10.5812/ircmj.21858] 11. [11] Ehsani-Chimeh E, Sajadi HS, Behzadifar M, Aghaei M, Badrizadeh A, Behzadifar M, Bragazzi NL. Current and former smokers among adolescents aged 12-17 years in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20: 155. [ DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-8255-2] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 12. [12] Mozun R, Ardura‐Garcia C, de Jong CC, Goutaki M, Usemann J, Singer F, et al. Cigarette, shisha, and electronic smoking and respiratory symptoms in Swiss children: The LUIS study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55: 2806-2815. [ DOI:10.1002/ppul.24985] [ PMID] 13. [13] Gorini G, Gallus S, Carreras G, De Mei B, Masocco M, Faggiano F, et al. Prevalence of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Italy: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS), 2010, 2014, 2018. Prev Med 2020; 131: 105903. [ DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105903] [ PMID] 14. [14] Pierce JP, White VM, Emery SL. What public health strategies are needed to reduce smoking initiation? Tob Control 2012; 21: 258-264. [ DOI:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050359] [ PMID] 15. [15] Hiscock R, Branston JR, McNeill A, Hitchman SC, Partos TR, Gilmore AB. Tobacco industry strategies undermine government tax policy: evidence from commercial data. Tob Control 2018; 27: 488-497. [ DOI:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053891] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 16. [16] Araban M, Montazeri A, Stein L, Karimy M, Mehrizi AA. Prevalence and factors associated with disruptive behavior among Iranian students during 2015: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46: 1-7. [ DOI:10.1186/s13052-020-00848-x] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 17. [17] Kyei-Faried S, Oppong FB. Waterpipe use among the youth in Ghana: Lessons from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18: 47. [ DOI:10.18332/tid/120937] 18. [18] Rachiotis G, Barbouni A, Basagiannis A, Katsioulis A, Kostikas K, Mouchtouri V, et al. Prevalence and determinants of current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking among Greek adolescents: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2013 study. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e034760. [ DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034760] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 19. [19] Mishu MP, Siddiqui F, Shukla R, Kanaan M, Dogar O, Siddiqi KJN, Research T. The predictors of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption and use of both forms in adolescents in South Asia: a secondary analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS). Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 23: 956-965. [ DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntaa202] [ PMID] 20. [20] Meysamie A, Mahdiin Z, Seddigh L. Frequency of tobacco use among students in Tehran city. J Tehran Univ Med J 2015; 73: 515-526. (Persian). 21. [21] World Health Organization (WHO). Iran Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) report. The Institute; 2007. 22. [22] Barikani A. High risk behaviors in adolescent students in Tehran. Iranian J Psychiat and Clin Psychol ; 2008; 14 :192-198. 23. [23] Alaee R, Kadivar P, Mohammadkhani S, Sarami G, Alaee SJroa. The prevalence of tobacco, hubble-bubble, alcoholic drinks, drugs, and stimulants among high-school students. Res on Addic ; 2011; 5: 99-114. 24. [24] Ghavidel N, Samadi M, Kharmanbiz A, Asadi A, Feyzi A, Ahmadi R, et al. Investigation of substance use prevalence and the interrelated factors involved through third-year high school students in Nazarabad city from January 2008 to June 2008. Razi J Med Sci; 2012;19:28-36. 25. [25] Fakhari A, Mohammadpoorasl A, Nedjat S, Sharif Hosseini M, Fotouhi AJ. Hookah smoking in high school students and its determinants in Iran: a longitudinal study. Am J Mens Health 2015; 9: 186-192. [ DOI:10.1177/1557988314535236] [ PMID] 26. [26] Primack BA, Walsh M, Bryce C, Eissenberg TJ. Water-pipe tobacco smoking among middle and high school students in Arizona. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e282-e288. [ DOI:10.1542/peds.2008-1663] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 27. [27] Barnett TE, Curbow BA, Weitz JR, Johnson TM, Smith-Simone SY. Water pipe tobacco smoking among middle and high school students. Am J Public Health 2009; 99: 2014-2019. [ DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2008.151225] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 28. [28] Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, Gheiratmand R, Majdzadeh R, Delavari A, Heshmat R, et al. Smoking behavior and its influencing factors in a national-representative sample of Iranian adolescents: CASPIAN study. Prev Med 2006; 42: 423-426. [ DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.001] [ PMID] 29. [29] Bashirian S, Barati M, Karami M, Hamzeh B, Ezati EJTP, Cessation. Predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran in 2019: Using the Prototype-Willingness Model. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6: 50. [ DOI:10.18332/tpc/125357] [ PMID] [ PMCID] 30. [30] Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Arab M, Aghakoochak A. Smoking frequency and modeling the underlying predicting factors of tobacco smoking among high school students in Yazd city. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2014; 16: 56-65. (Persian). 31. [31] Zia AS, Kheradmand A, Nakhaei N, Taherzadeh H. Prevalence of cigarette smoking and relevant factors among school students in south of Iran. J Fundament Mental Health 2008; 10: 239-245. (Persian). 32. [32] Moini B, Vrdipur H. Predictors of smoking in high school boy students. J Urmia Univ Med Sci 2010; 8: 238-245. (Persian). 33. [33] Ansari R, Khosravi A, Mokhtari M. Prevalence and cause of smoking in the medicine students. Koomesh 2007; 9: 21-26. (Persian).
|